The Giant African Millipede produces five distinct types of burrows: subvertical ramps, helical burrows, U- and W-shaped burrows, and mazeworks.
Open burrows are produced as a result of detritus feeding and as temporary shelters. Most burrows consist of large diameter (~36 mm), elongate (450 mm), sinuous shafts and tunnels with one to three surface openings. Burrows have a horizontal to vertical orientation with a large degree of variation along their length (0-90 degrees). Shafts and tunnels have a circular cross section with relatively consistent circumference along their length. Branching is uncommon, but does occur in some vertical burrows. True chambers are not produced, but enlarged areas are generated as the millipede turns its body around within the soil (turn around points). Burrows are kept open and not backfilled.
Additional resources are available within the downloadable PDF and Excel files linked at the bottom of the page.
Additional resources
Giant African Millipede Burrow Catalog (PDF)
Giant African Millipede Burrow Info Packet (PDF)
Giant African Millipede Burrow Data Spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel – Auto Download)